Solar panels

We've all seen a solar panel whether it is on a calculator or on the side of a roof, theoretically with enough sunlight solar panels will last forever. Photovoltaic Cells work by changing photons into electrons. many materials are used in this process but silicon is the most commonly used material. Basically when light strikes this cell a certain portion of it is absorbed within the semiconductor material. This means that the energy of the absorbed light is transferred to the semiconductor. The energy knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely. 

Renewable energy

Using renewable energy is one of the ways the world can help preserve the delicate Eco system and ozone layer. There are many types of renewable energy sources such as:

• Wind power 
• Hydroelectric power
• Solar energy
• Bio mass
• Wave power
• Geothermal energy

If it could be harnessed enough sunlight falls on to planet earth in one hour to meet world energy demands for a year. Also One wind turbine can produce enough electricity to power up to 300 homes.

So renewable energy is the future of energy.

Amazing properties of water

• Ice is less dense than water. This pretty much means it will float on water and freeze from top to bottom. If ice was not less dense than water fishes and other pond life would be greatly affected if ice froze from the bottom upwards.
• Water has a specific heat capacity. Meaning it takes a lot of energy to make water a little warmer This is why on a hot day the sand on a beach can be too hot to walk on but the sea still feels cool the energy from the sun is enough to heat the sand a lot but the water only a little. This has some very important implications, especially for organisms that live in water. Seas, lakes and rivers maintain a much more constant temperature than air which means that animals can live in water all year round without having to adapt to large temperature changes.
• Capillary action. If you put a very fine tube into a beaker of water you will see that some of the water travels a short way up the tube this is caused by water molecules clinging to the sides of the tube and other molecules of water with it.Eventually the weight of the water being pulled is too great to be supported and the water stops moving, having reached an equilibrium. This same principle allows plants to draw water up from the ground. As water molecules travel up the stem more water molecules stick to them and more stick to those and so on until a column of water is being transported in the xylem.

Bee's brains damaged by pesticides

Scientists have found two types of chemicals called neonicotinoids and coumaphos which are both present in common pesticides. These chemicals interfere with any insects ability to learn or remember information. Experiments shown that exposure to these chemicals when put together decreed brain activity. The bees are falling in numbers because they have been hit with a vast number of diseases, losses of habitat  and in the US the mysterious Colony Collapse Disorder has caused numbers to plummet. This is really bad news because Albert Einstein said that the human population will die out after four years if there were no honey bees so they really are a animal to conserve.

Why is sugar so addictive?

We all know how tempting it can be to have one too many chocolates or an extra slice of cake, even when we know it would be healthier not to. But what drives this craving for sweet treats?


Many scientists are lead to believe that we are primed to desire sugar at an instinctive level as it plays a vital role in our survival. When we eat glucose (simple sugar) gets absorbed into the blood stream. A recent study shown that children have a distinct preference to sugary foods over other foods, while they also enjoy sugary foods more than adults do. Scientists claim that our addiction to sugar is an ''evolutionary hangover'' as children who preferred sugars would have a better chance of survival. 

Most toxic bacteria on the planet

 Most toxic bacteria known to man:
The most dangerous bacteria known to man  is the Clostridium Botulinum. Four kilograms of Clostridium Botulinum could wipe out the entire human population .It does this by stopping the communication between you brain and muscles.Botulinum is found every were on this planet.It is found in soil from the sea but need perfect conditions to become deadly.This will have no effect if you just eat the soil because our stomachs have very high concentrated acid which will destroy Clostridium Botulinum.

Did a comet wipe out the dinosaurs?

Around 65 million years ago a giant space object slammed straight into planet earth around the Yucatan peninsula killing 70% of species on our planet. 

Since 1990 scientists have debated what sort of space rock hit planet earth. Scientists know generally how big the explosion would have had to be in order to create the fallout found in drill samples. Based on the size of the explosion and the amount of iridium and osmium deposited at the K-Pg boundary, the most common theory is that the space rock was carbonaceous asteroid about 13 kilometers across. But scientists from Dartmouth College argue that the real culprit was a comet because if moved at the speed that a asteroid couldn't achieve.

So what do you think comet or asteroid?